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SNAK NEWSLETTER December, 2019
[Trends in the Shipbuilding Industry and R&BD]

▪ The Hydrogen Ship Development Project

The project to build a hydrogen ship technology center will be in full swing. Over the next five years, a total of KRW 37.6 billion will be invested in promoting the “eco-friendly hydrogen-powered ship R&D platform construction project”.
Large corporations and the academia in Korea will form a team to develop hydrogen fuel cell powered ships. Corporations will be able to develop and test core technologies at the Hydrogen Ship Technology Center to be established at the Pusan National University. Hyundai Motor Company will make bigger versions of the hydrogen fuel cell power systems that used in hydrogen cars for ships, and POSCO will make steel plates for hydrogen fuel cell powered ships and liquefied hydrogen (LH2) carriers. Shipbuilders such as Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering and Samsung Heavy Industries will combine the developed systems to complete the technology for building hydrogen-powered ships.
The relevant research will be subdivided into three domains and carried out by experts in those domains. The three subdomains are (a) a hydrogen energy storage and supply system that can overcome ultra-low temperatures, (b) hydrogen fuel cell and energy storage system (ESS) technologies, and (c) an electric propulsion system for ships.
Technologically advanced countries have been competing to develop hydrogen-powered ships even before the introduction of International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) regulations. The US government has developed the world’s first hydrogen fuel cell equipped hybrid passenger ship that is being commercially operated in New York, and since 2015 Sandia National Laboratories, a national research institute, has been developing a high-speed ferry. Moreover, Japan is building the world’s first LH2 carrier.
At present, as the IMO convention on preventing air pollution is becoming mandatory, stricter environmental restrictions are being imposed on all newly constructed vessels.

▪ Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship Technology Development Project
In order to prepare for the shipbuilding and shipping industries’ transition to the ecofriendly/smart paradigm, a total of KRW 160.3 billion will be invested in developing maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) over the next six years from 2020 to 2025.
A MASS is a high value-added vessel that integrates various component technologies related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and artificial intelligence (AI). This project aims to develop autonomous surface ships that meet IMO’s specifications for Level 3 Autonomy, which corresponds to partial autonomy just shy of fully unmanned ships (Level 4 Autonomy).
The MASS Technology Development Project is the first stage in preparing for the future ship market and paradigm shift in shipping and ports, and includes the development of core technologies, along with their demonstration, operation, and standardization.
More specifically, first, the project involves developing a “smart navigation system” with autonomous navigation, integrated engine room control platform, collision and accident prevention, situational awareness, and decision-making abilities. Second, it involves developing an “automated engine room system”, namely, an engine room that monitor its own performance and predicts/diagnoses breakdowns and failures. Third, a “MASS Performance Demonstration Center” will be established in the Goneul District, Ulsan, to test, certify, and demonstrate the developed technologies, thereby maintaining a continuous track record of the technologies in question. Fourth, MASS operation technologies such as remote management, safe navigation, and accident response will be developed in liaison with the standardization efforts of IMO and ISO from the beginning so that the developed technologies can form the basis for international standards.
For the successful development and operation of maritime autonomous surface ships, it is planned to demonstrate MASS technologies for various different types of ships. Moreover, international cooperation at various stages, ranging from technology development to testing, certification, and establishing international standards, will be sought with Norway and other countries that have a competitive edge in the relevant fields.
The introduction of MASS is expected to improve the economic feasibility and safety of vessels operated by shipping companies due to identification of optimal routes and prevention of accidents caused by human negligence.

<MASS Concepts and Definitions>
▶ Smart ship: a smart vessel in the broad sense that is equipped with cutting-edge apparatus and ICT
Maritime autonomous surface ship (MASS): a vessel that can be operated with minimum crew by replacing the roles performed by crewmembers with automated operations performed by ICT, sensors, and smart technologies integrated with existing types of vessels
▶ Unmanned ship: a fully autonomous ship that can operate without any human control ​